Mendel's third principle of genetics involves what concept?

Mendel's third principle of genetics, commonly known as the law of segregation, articulates that each characteristic is influenced by two heredity factors, one from each parent. This principle highlights that during the formation of gametes (egg and sperm), these factors separate so that each gamete receives only one factor for each trait. When fertilization occurs, the offspring inherits one factor from each parent, allowing for the mixing of genetic material and diverse traits in the offspring. This fundamental concept is essential for understanding how traits are passed through generations, influencing genetic variation and the potential expression of traits.