What concept does modernity often rely on according to anthropological perspectives?

Modernity, from an anthropological perspective, is often associated with the belief in the advance of science and secularism. This concept reflects a shift in societal values and structures that emerged prominently during the Enlightenment and industrial revolutions. It emphasizes rational thought, empirical evidence, and a move away from religious explanations of the world. This belief system has fundamentally influenced modern societies by prioritizing scientific reasoning and technological progress, reshaping global economies, social norms, and political institutions.

The association of modernity with science and secularism highlights the idea that progress is not only possible but expected and often measured by advancements in knowledge, technology, and individual freedoms. In this context, secularism—separating religion from public life—further allows for diverse perspectives and innovation, fostering an environment where scientific inquiry can flourish without religious constraints.

In contrast, other options touch upon related themes but do not encapsulate the primary concept of modernity as widely studied in anthropology. For instance, advancements in agriculture and humanitarian efforts represent responses or functions of modern societies but do not singularly define modernity. Similarly, the revival of traditional narratives may reflect a reaction against modernization rather than an aspect of it. Hence, the belief in the advance of science and secularism stands out