What is a defining feature of the Neolithic period?

The defining feature of the Neolithic period is the establishment of permanent settlements and the advent of agriculture. This era, often referred to as the "New Stone Age," marked a significant transition from nomadic foraging lifestyles of earlier periods to more settled agricultural societies.

During the Neolithic, humans began to domesticate plants and animals, leading to farming as a primary way of obtaining food. This shift allowed communities to establish permanent homes, as they no longer needed to follow animal migrations or seasonal plant growth. The result was a significant increase in population density, social organization, and the development of complex societies.

This agricultural revolution also enabled the creation of surplus food, fostering trade and specialization within communities. As people settled in one location, they could build more sophisticated structures and develop larger social networks. Permanent settlements laid the foundation for advancements in technology, craft specialization, and ultimately the rise of complex civilizations.

In contrast, the options reflecting the use of fire and simple tools, mobility and foraging lifestyles, or a focus on trade and military expansion do not capture the essence of the Neolithic period, as they are more characteristic of earlier human societies or different historical contexts.