What is meant by 'cultural relativism' in the context of anthropology?

Cultural relativism in anthropology refers to understanding cultures within their own context. This concept emphasizes that beliefs, practices, and values should be evaluated based on their own cultural context rather than judged against the standards of another culture. This helps anthropologists and researchers appreciate the diversity of cultural practices and recognize that what might seem strange or unacceptable in one culture can be reasonable and meaningful in another.

By adopting a perspective of cultural relativism, it allows anthropologists to approach their research with an open mind, fostering deeper insights into the complexities of human behavior and social systems. It seeks to avoid ethnocentrism—the belief that one's own culture is superior to others—which can lead to misunderstandings and misrepresentations of different cultural practices.