What term describes the anthropological study focused on cultural symbols and meanings?

The term that describes the anthropological study focused on cultural symbols and meanings is symbolic anthropology. This subfield examines how individuals and groups create, interpret, and give significance to symbols in their cultures. Through the lens of symbolic anthropology, researchers explore the ways that symbols—such as language, art, and rituals—are used to convey emotions, beliefs, and social norms. The emphasis on meaning and interpretation allows for a deeper understanding of how culture shapes human experiences and interactions.

This approach contrasts with other anthropological frameworks. Cultural relativism emphasizes understanding cultures on their own terms without imposing external judgments. Structuralism focuses on underlying structures in cultural practices, often analyzing social systems rather than specific symbols. Functionalism, on the other hand, looks at how cultural elements function to meet the needs of individuals or society as a whole, often prioritizing practical roles over symbolic meanings. Symbolic anthropology, therefore, specifically foregrounds the importance of symbols in conveying cultural significance, making it the accurate choice in this context.