Which term describes a complex element of communication that represents ideas or groups?

The term that best describes a complex element of communication representing ideas or groups is "symbol." Symbols hold specific meanings that go beyond their immediate physical representation; they can encapsulate complex ideas, cultural values, and social identities. For example, a national flag is not merely a piece of fabric; it symbolizes the identity, history, and values of a nation. In anthropology and communication studies, symbols are crucial for understanding how societies convey meanings and form connections among their members.

In contrast, the other options have different scopes and uses in communication. A "sign" typically refers to something that directly indicates or points to something else but may not carry deeper cultural significance or meaning. A "cue" generally refers to a signal that prompts a specific response or behavior without the broader contextual weight of a symbol. An "indicator" often denotes a measure or a marker that identifies a particular phenomenon or condition but lacks the complexity and layered meanings associated with symbols. Therefore, while they may be related to communication, their functions differ significantly from that of a symbol.